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Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of termite species is low in North America and Europe (10 species known in Europe and 50 in North America), but is high in South America, in which over 400 species have been known.34 Of the 3,000 termite species currently categorized, 1,000 are found in Africa, where mounds are really abundant in certain regions.
Due to their soft cuticles, termites do not inhabit cold or cool habitats.36 There are three environmental groups of termites: dampwood, drywood and subterranean. Dampwood termites are found only in coniferous woods, and drywood termites are found in hardwood forests; subterranean termites reside in widely diverse regions.34 One species in the drywood category is that the West Indian drywood termite (Cryptotermes brevis), which can be an invasive species in Australia.37.
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Termites are usually modest, measuring between 4 to 15 millimetres (0.16 to 0.59Â in) in length.34 The largest of all extant termites would be the queens of those species Macrotermes bellicosus, measuring around over 10 centimetres (4Â in) in length.38 Another giant termite, the extinct Gyatermes styriensis, thrived in Austria during the Miocene and had a wingspan of 76 millimetres (3.0Â in) and a body length of 25 millimetres (0.98Â in).39note 1. )
Most worker and soldier termites are completely blind because they do not own a set of eyes. But some species, like Hodotermes mossambicus, have compound eyes that they use for orientation and also to distinguish sunlight from moonlight.40 The alates (winged males and females) have eyes along with lateral ocelli.
Termite antennae have a number of functions such as the sensing of touch, taste, odours (including pheromones), heat and vibration. The three basic segments of a termite antenna include a scape, a pedicel (usually shorter than the scape), and the flagellum (all segments beyond the scape and pedicel). The mouth parts contain a maxillae, a labium, and a pair of mandibles.
Consistent with all insects, the anatomy of the termite thorax consists of 3 segments: the prothorax, the mesothorax and the metathorax. Each segment contains view publisher site a pair of legs. On alates, the wings are located at the mesothorax and metathorax. The mesothorax and metathorax have well-developed exoskeletal plates; the prothorax has smaller plates. .
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Termites have a ten-segmented abdomen using two plates, the tergites and the sternites. The tenth abdominal segment has a set of short cerci.45 There are ten tergites, of which nine are broad and one is elongated. The reproductive organs are much like people in cockroaches but are more simplified. For instance, the intromittent organ is not present in penile alates, and the semen is either immotile or aflagellate.
The non-reproductive castes of termites are wingless and rely solely on their six legs for locomotion. The alates fly only to get a short amount of time, so they also rely on their own legs. The appearance of the legs is comparable in each caste, but the soldiers have larger and heavier legs.
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The number of tibial spurs on an individual's leg varies. Some species of termite have an arolium, found between the claws, which can be present in species that climb on smooth surfaces but is absent in many termites.49.
Unlike in ants, the hind-wings and fore-wings are of equal length.2 Most of the time, the alates are poor flyers; their technique is to launch themselves in the air and fly in a random direction. Studies show that in comparison to larger termites, smaller termites cannot fly long distances. When a termite is pop over to this site in flight, its wings remain at a ideal angle, and when the termite is at rest, its wings remain parallel to your own body.51.
Worker termites undertake the maximum labour within the colony, being responsible for foraging, food storage, and brood and nest maintenance.53 Workers are tasked with the digestion of cellulose in food and are thus the most likely caste to be found in infested wood. The process of worker termites feeding other nestmates is known as trophallaxis.
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Some termite species do not have a legitimate worker caste, instead relying on nymphs that do the same work without differentiating as a distinct caste.53.